Sunday, January 23, 2011

Chapter 36: Blood Type & Diet, Healing Depression Symptoms

Have you heard about the diets based on your blood type?  I decided to find out more about them. I have made many diet changes to help heal the depression symptoms and I want to consider making more changes based on my blood type.  Dr. Peter J. D'Adamo has written a book called 4 Blood Types, 4 Diets, Eat Right For (4) Your Type, The Individualized Diet Solution to Staying Healthy, Living Longer & Achieving Your Ideal Weight.  Dr. D'Adamo gives an overview of the 4 blood types and the 4 diets in the video below.

I


Karl Landsteiner, a medical doctor born in Vienna, Austria in 1868, discovered that people had different blood types in 1901.  He made numerous contributions in pathological anatomy, histology and immunology, but his name will be honored for his discovery and outstanding work on the blood groups.  He was given the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1930.  Here is more information about his work taken from Karl Landsteiner - Biography.

In 1875 it was reported that, when man is given transfusions of the blood of other animals, these foreign blood corpuscles are clumped and broken up in the blood vessels of man with the liberation of haemoglobin. In 1901-1903 Landsteiner pointed out that a similar reaction may occur when the blood of one human individual is transfused, not with the blood of another animal, but with that of another human being, and that this might be the cause of shock, jaundice, and haemoglobinuria that had followed some earlier attempts at blood transfusions.

His suggestions, however, received little attention until, in 1909, he classified the bloods of human beings into the now well-known A, B, AB, and O groups and showed that transfusions between individuals of groups A or B do not result in the destruction of new blood cells and that this catastrophe occurs only when a person is transfused with the blood of a person belonging to a different group. Earlier, in 1901-1903, Landsteiner had suggested that, because the characteristics which determine the blood groups are inherited, the blood groups may be used to decide instances of doubtful paternity.

Much of the subsequent work that Landsteiner and his pupils did on blood groups and the immunological uses they made of them was done, not in Vienna, but in New York. For in 1919 conditions in Vienna were such that laboratory work was very difficult and, seeing no future for Austria, Landsteiner obtained the appointment of Prosector to a small Roman Catholic Hospital at The Hague. Here he published, from 1919-1922, twelve papers on new haptens that he had discovered, on conjugates with proteins which were capable of inducing anaphylaxis and on related problems, and also on the serological specificity of the haemoglobins of different species of animals.

His work in Holland came to an end when he was offered a post in the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in New York and he moved there together with his family. It was here that he did, in collaboration with Levine and Wiener, the further work on the blood groups which greatly extended the number of these groups, and here in collaboration with Wiener studied bleeding in the new-born, leading to the discovery of the Rh-factor in blood, which relates the human blood to the blood of the rhesus monkey.

I have Blood Type O+.  The + means I have the Rh-factor in my blood.  A person's Rh type is usually significant only with respect to pregnancies.  An Rh-positive child born to an Rh-negative woman runs the risk of developing Rh disease.  More than 85% of people have the antigen, Rhesus factor, in their blood.  People that do not have the antigen in their blood are Rh-negative. You can find out more about the Rh-factor below and at Rhesus Factor (Rh-Factor). 

The Rhesus factor, also known as the Rh factor, gets its name from experiments conducted in 1937 by scientists Karl Landsteiner and Alexander S. Weiner. These revolutionary case studies involved rabbits which, when injected with the Rhesus monkey's red blood cells, produced an antigen present in the red blood cells of many humans. The Rhesus factor is an antigen, or more specifically a protein, that exists on the surface of red blood cells. 

Originally, Karl Landsteiner listed the blood groups as A, B, and 0 (zero).  (Type AB was found later.)  He called it zero because this blood type did not have the A antigen or the B antigen on the surface of red blood cells.  People assumed this blood type was the letter O because the other types were a letter.  People in the United States have continued to call this blood type O instead of 0.  People in other countries and languages call it zero, or null.


Dr. D'Adamo talks about the diets he recommends for the different blood types.

Blood Type O



Blood Type A



Blood Types B & AB



Dr. D'Adamo talks about each blood type in more detail on his website.  He writes about lifestyle, wellness, stress, exercise, and personality of individuals with each blood type.  If you are interested, go to Eat Right For Your Blood Type, The Official Website of Dr. Peter D'Adamo &The Blood Type DietSee if you agree with the characteristics he attributes to your blood type.

These are characteristics Dr. D'Adamo states to describe people with my blood Type O.  They describe me well.

1.  People with Type O blood are vulnerable to inflammation and depression.  

2.  People with Type O blood digest animal protein well because of more stomach acid and an    enzyme in the intestinal tract.  I feel better if I eat protein in every meal.  The only way for my body to get amino acids is from protein. 

3.  Eggs are a poor source of protein for Type O's.  The Elisa food sensitivity test rated my sensitivity to eggs at +4.  That is the highest number on the sensitivity scale.  After eliminating eggs from my diet for 3-4 months my cholesterol count came down from 213 to 163.

4.  People with Type O blood can not digest dairy products and grains efficiently.  I have a +1 sensitivity to casein in dairy products and a +1 for wheat.  My digestive tract has appreciated my eliminating these foods from my diet and I lost 10-12 pounds without trying.

5. The system of a Type O does well with intense aerobic exercise.  Exercise will help eliminate stress.  I feel aerobic exercise is as important to my depression treatment as my antidepressant medications.

6.  Type O's respond well to oils, especially olive and flaxseed, for nutrition and an aid in elimination.  I have been taking 6,000 mg of fish oil since March of 2010.  It is part of my depression treatment.  My fingernails grow faster and are stronger, the acne on my face has improved, and my hair looks healthier.  I hope my arteries and heart are seeing improvements too. =)

I have talked about other diet changes I have made to help heal my depression symptoms in Chapter 7: Keys to UltraWellness, Food Sensitivity and Chapter 32: 6,000mg Of Fish Oil A Day. 

I am feeling pretty stable on 150 mg of Effexor XR.  I don't feel great, but I am doing better!



Saturday, January 15, 2011

Chapter 35: FEELING SOME RELIEF! Antidepressant Medications

It has been 9 months since I went to the Amen Clinic in Newport Beach, California.  It has taken this long to make all of the medication changes recommended by my doctor at the clinic.  I am starting to feel better, FEELING SOME RELIEF!  I have an atypical depression that needed to be treated in layers.  The anxiety symptoms needed to be treated first, and I talk more about this in Chapter 9 of my blog.  There is a detailed treatment plan from the Amen Clinic in Chapter 10.

I am now taking 150 mg of Effexor XR in the morning with breakfast.  I have come down from 300 mg because I was not feeling any improvement of depression symptoms, and side effects were not going away.  The higher dose was causing insomnia and anxiety, flushing several times a day, and constipation.  These are the only side effects I have experienced with Effexor XR, and they are just about gone on 150 mg.



 




 


I am also taking generic Luvox, fluvoxamine.  I take 50 mg in the morning and 50 mg in the afternoon.  I was already on this drug when I went to the Amen Clinic and my brain scans showed it was helping to quiet the activity in the deep limbic system; but it was not completely effective.  Depression symptoms originate in the deep limbic system.  I am using fluvoxamine for depression, and I do not have any side effects strong enough to notice.  I have been on fluvoxamine for over a year, and a pharmacist told me the brand Luvox is no longer made. The extended-release capsule is a new medication.

Information on generic Luvox, fluvoxamine from:  PubMed Health - Fluvoxamine

 

Why is this medication prescribed?

Fluvoxamine is used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (bothersome thoughts that won't go away and the need to perform certain actions over and over) and social anxiety disorder (extreme fear of interacting with others or performing in front of others that interferes with normal life). Fluvoxamine is in a class of medications called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).

 

How should this medicine be used?

Fluvoxamine comes as a tablet and an extended-release capsule to take by mouth. The tablet is usually taken either once daily at bedtime or twice daily, once in the morning and once at bedtime. The extended-release capsule is usually taken, with or without food , once daily at bedtime. Swallow the extended-release capsules whole; do not crush or chew them.

Your doctor may start you on a low dose of fluvoxamine and gradually increase your dose, not more often than once every week, depending on how well the medication works for you and the side effects you experience.  It may take several weeks or longer for you to feel the full benefit of fluvoxamine. Continue to take fluvoxamine even if you feel well. Do not stop taking fluvoxamine without talking to your doctor.

If you suddenly stop taking fluvoxamine, you may experience withdrawal symptoms such as irritability; agitation; dizziness; extreme worry; uneasiness; confusion; headache; tiredness; mood changes; difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep; or pain, burning, numbness, tingling or 'electric shock' sensations in the hands or feet. Your doctor will probably decrease your dose gradually.

 

Other uses for this medicine

*Fluvoxamine is also sometimes used to treat depression. Talk with your doctor about the possible risks of using this medication for your condition.  This medication is sometimes prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.

 

What side effects can this medication cause?

Fluvoxamine may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away:  drowsiness, difficulty concentrating, dry mouth, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, constipation, indigestion, gas, change in taste, decreased appetite, weight loss, nervousness, weakness, unsteadiness, and changes in sex drive or ability.


I am taking generic Neurontin, gabapentin, to help calm the activity in the basal ganglia where anxiety begins.  I take a 300 mg capsule four times a day,1,200 mg total.  Neurontin is an anticonvulsant medication the Amen Clinic has found to be effective for anxiety.  I started on this drug as soon as I got home from the clinic to help me get off the drug clonazepam.  I have written quite a bit about clonazepam in Chapter 12 - I Hate Clonazepam and Chapter 15 - Clonazepam The Beast.  (I have been off The Beast for 7 months! =)  My doctor at the clinic chose gabapentin for me because of its low side effect profile, but you will see there are many side effects listed for this drug in the following article.  I did not experience any of these side effects.

Information on generic Neurontin, gabapentin from: PubMed Health - Gabapentin

 

Why is this medication prescribed?

Gabapentin is used to help control certain types of seizures in patients who have epilepsy. Gabapentin is also used to relieve the pain of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN; the burning, stabbing pain or aches that may last for months or years after an attack of shingles). Gabapentin is in a class of medications called anticonvulsants. Gabapentin treats seizures by decreasing abnormal excitement in the brain. Gabapentin relieves the pain of PHN by changing the way the body senses pain.

 

How should this medicine be used?

Gabapentin comes as a capsule, a tablet, and an oral solution (liquid) to take by mouth. It is usually taken with a full glass of water (8 ounces [240 milliliters]) three times a day. Gabapentin may be taken with or without food. Take this medication at evenly spaced times throughout the day and night; do not let more than 12 hours pass between doses.

If your doctor tells you to take one-half of a tablet as part of your dose, carefully split the tablet along the score mark. Use the other half-tablet as part of your next dose. Properly throw away any half-tablets that you have not used within several days of breaking them.

Your doctor will probably start you on a low dose of gabapentin and gradually increase your dose as needed to treat your condition. If you are taking gabapentin to treat PHN, tell your doctor if your symptoms do not improve during your treatment.

 

Other uses for this medicine

Gabapentin is also sometimes used to relieve the pain of diabetic neuropathy (numbness or tingling due to nerve damage in people who have diabetes), and to treat and prevent hot flashes (sudden strong feelings of heat and sweating) in women who are being treated for breast cancer or who have experienced menopause (''change of life'', the end of monthly menstrual periods). Talk to your doctor about the risks of using this medication for your condition.  This medication may be prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.
   

What side effects can this medication cause?

Gabapentin may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away:  drowsiness, tiredness or weakness, dizziness, headache, shaking of a part of your body you cannot control, double or blurred vision, unsteadiness, anxiety, memory problems, strange or unusual thoughts, unwanted eye movements, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, diarrhea, dry mouth, constipation, weight gain, swelling of the hands, feet, ankles, or lower legs, back or joint pain, fever, runny nose, sneezing, cough, sore throat, or flu-like symptoms, ear pain, and red, itchy eyes.

My favorite website to learn about medications is Crazy Meds! The Good, The Bad, and The Funny.  It will tell you about uses, pros and cons, effects, side effects, and stuff your doctor usually won't tell you.  "Crazy Meds Suck Donkey Dong"  If that quote is offensive to you, you may not like this site.

I hope you are FEELING SOME RELIEF from your antidepressant medication, or will be soon!!



Friday, December 31, 2010

Chapter 34: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

 

 
 

My psychiatrist at the Amen Clinic believes I would be a good candidate for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.  My brain scans showed decreased activity in the left and right inferior orbital prefrontal cortex on both studies (concentration & rest), more severe at rest.  SIDE NOTE:  When there is decreased activity in the inferior orbital prefrontal cortex during a resting state and it improves with concentration, it is often associated with depressive disorders, and may be responsive to antidepressant medication.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation reaches the prefrontal cortex areas of the brain very well.  It does not stimulate the deeper areas of the brain.  That is why my doctor believes I would be a good candidate.  I also have problems with activity in deeper parts of my brain.  If you are interested in seeing my brain scans, go to Chapters 11 & 13.

My medical insurance company believes TMS is experimental and will not help pay for the therapy.  The Neuropsychiatric Institute near the city where I live offers TMS treatment and have had the necessary equipment since January 2010.  I know they have a patient assistance program and I would need to get the details to see if I could afford the therapy at this time.  I think doing the research for this blog chapter will help me decide if I could make this treatment happen!


NEUROSTAR TMS DEPRESSION THERAPY SYSTEM 
FIRST TO BE GIVEN FDA APPROVAL
  
Sean Fallon, author of this post, at GIZMODO

"Last year, Neuronetics' NeuroStar TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation) Therapy system became the first device of its kind to be cleared by the FDA for treating depression. Although, the similarity to a dentist chair was probably not a great idea.

Nonetheless, trials on 164 patients with unipolar, non-psychotic major depressive disorder using the device proved that treatment with short magnetic field pulses to the left prefrontal cortex can be a viable alternative to medication. After 30 40-minute daily sessions, half of the patients in the trial experienced significant improvement, while a third reported complete resolution. Plus, the only statistically significant side effect was mild discomfort in the treatment area. Currently, patients can receive NeuroStar treatments in a psychiatrist's office while remaining completely awake and alert.
Given all of the uncertainty and danger surrounding many psychiatric drugs, NeuroStar seems like it's worth a shot for people suffering from serious bouts of depression. It could also be a sign of things to come. Perhaps technology like this will one day be implanted directly into our brains—making us feel awesome all the time."


Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation requires the following:
  1. Prescription by a Psychiatrist
  2. 20-30 Outpatient Treatments, Usually Daily
  3. Treatment for 4-6 Weeks
  4. 37-40 Minute Sessions
  5. Patient is Awake, No Anesthesia or Sedation
  6. Usually $325.00 or More For Each Session (Depends on the treatment facility) 


This is the link to the NeuroStar TMS Therapy website.  It will give you more detailed information about the treatment:

I thought the video on the NeuroStar website was educational and encouraging.  To watch it, go to this link:  (Sorry it was not possible to embed the video)
http://www.neurostartms.com/NeurostarTMSTherapyforDepression/NeurostarTMS-Video.aspx



GOOD BASIC INFORMATION ON TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION 
FROM THE MAYO CLINIC

By Mayo Clinic Staff
RISKS
Transcranial magnetic stimulation is the least invasive of the brain-stimulation procedures used for depression. Unlike vagus nerve stimulation or deep brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation doesn't require surgery or implantation of electrodes. And, unlike electroconvulsive therapy, it doesn't require seizures or complete sedation with anesthesia. However, transcranial magnetic stimulation does have some risks and can cause some side effects.
Common side effects
Transcranial magnetic stimulation often causes minor short-term side effects. These side effects are generally mild and typically improve after the first week or two of treatment. They can include:
  • Headache
  • Scalp discomfort at the site of stimulation
  • Tingling, spasms or twitching of facial muscles
  • Lightheadedness
  • Discomfort from noise during treatment
Uncommon side effects
Serious side effects are rare. They can include:
  • Seizures
  • Mania, particularly in people with bipolar disorder
  • Hearing loss due to inadequate ear protection during treatment
More study is needed to determine whether transcranial magnetic stimulation may have any long-term side effects.
  
HOW YOU PREPARE
Before having the procedure, you may need a medical examination to make sure it's safe and a good option for you. You may be asked a number of questions about your depression. Tell your doctor or health provider if:
  • You're pregnant or thinking of becoming pregnant.
  • You have any metal or implanted medical devices in your body. Transcranial magnetic stimulation usually isn't recommended if this is the case.
  • You're taking any medications, including over-the-counter medications, herbal supplements or vitamins. Bring a list of what you're taking to your doctor's appointment and include dosages and how often you take them.
  • You have a history of seizures or mania. Tell your doctor about any past injuries or surgeries and about any other physical or mental health problems you have.
Little preparation is needed. Transcranial magnetic stimulation isn't invasive, doesn't require anesthesia and can be performed in a doctor's office. You don't need to arrange for someone to drive you home after treatment. Before considering treatment, however, check with your health insurance company to see whether transcranial magnetic stimulation is covered. Your policy may not cover it. 
 
WHAT YOU CAN EXPECT
Transcranial
Your first treatment
Before treatment can begin, your doctor will need to identify the best place to put the magnets on your head and will need to find the best dose of magnetic energy for you.
This is what will most likely occur during your first appointment:
  • You'll be taken to a treatment room. You'll be asked to sit in a reclining chair, and you'll be given earplugs to wear during the procedure.
  • An electromagnetic coil is placed against your head. The electromagnetic coil is switched off and on repeatedly, up to 10 times a second to produce stimulating pulses. This results in a tapping or clicking sound that usually lasts for a few seconds, followed by a pause. You'll also feel a light tapping sensation on your forehead. This part of the process is called mapping.
  • The amount of magnetic energy needed is determined. Your doctor will increase the magnetic dose until your fingers or hands twitch. Known as your motor threshold, this is used as a reference point in determining the right dose for you. During the course of treatment, the amount of stimulation can be changed depending on your symptoms and side effects.
  • Once the coil placement and dose are identified, you're ready to begin. The treatment itself will last about 40 minutes. The entire appointment typically lasts about one to two hours.
During transcranial magnetic stimulation
Here's what to expect during each treatment:
  • You'll sit in a comfortable chair. The magnetic coil is placed against your head.
  • The machine is turned on. You'll hear clicking sounds and feel tapping on your forehead.
  • Each treatment session lasts about 40 minutes. You'll remain awake and alert.
  • After treatment, you can return to your normal daily activities.
There are different ways to perform the procedure. Techniques may change as more is learned about the most effective ways to perform treatments.
  
RESULTS
Some research showed that transcranial magnetic stimulation improved depression symptoms, while in other studies it didn't seem to help. If transcranial magnetic stimulation works for you, your depression symptoms may improve or go away completely. Symptom relief may take a few weeks of treatment.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation may be less likely to work if:
  • Your mental illness causes detachment from reality (psychosis)
  • Your depression has lasted for four or more years
  • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has not worked to improve depression symptoms
It's not yet known if transcranial magnetic stimulation can be used to treat depression for the long term, or whether you can have periodic maintenance treatments to prevent depression symptoms from returning. The effectiveness of transcranial magnetic stimulation may improve as researchers learn more about techniques, the number of stimulations required and the best sites on the brain to stimulate. 

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation/MY00185


If you are interested in reading a more in depth article on the background, development, practical implementation, and applications of TMS go to:  


I am also considering going to Newport Beach (Amen Clinic) to have TMS done.  The doctor there does one TMS treatment and an EEG on the brain.  There needs to be a day in between, and then another TMS treatment is performed and another EEG on the brain.  The EEG's results give the doctor information to help him predict if TMS is going to be effective for that particular patient.  I will find out if this procedure is still being used, and if it is used at the Neuropsychiatric Institute near my home.

I think affordable medical treatment should be available to anyone who might benefit from it!



Saturday, December 4, 2010

Chapter 33: Endorphins - Natural Morphine

I had my tonsils removed in August of 1977 when I was 24 years old.  I was teaching first grade students at the time, and was getting repeated upper respiratory infections with a painful sore throat.  I was so frustrated with being sick, I told my doctor the surgery would be worth it to me if there was any chance it would end the infections.

I had some people tell me the pain I would feel after surgery might not be as bad as the pain I felt with the sore throats.  Well, for me the pain after surgery was millions of times worse!  I was in the hospital for a few days, a tonsillectomy was not an outpatient surgery 33 years ago.  While I was in the hospital I was given morphine, by injection, which made the pain bearable.  

After I left the hospital I was given a prescription for a pain killer, I don't remember which drug it was, but it was definitely not as effective as morphine!  I slowly recovered from the surgery and fortunately soon after the repeated infections stopped.  After that experience I knew morphine would be by drug of choice if I was in pain, and in the hospital!

Part of my treatment plan from the Amen Clinic is to do aerobic exercise everyday for 30-40 minutes.  The positive effects of endorphins last for 24 hours, so my doctor recommended I replenish them every day.  Some patients are encouraged to workout at least 5 times per week.

These are my exercise instructions from my treatment plan:  "The health benefit from physical exercise is truly amazing.  Solid research has shown that regular exercise helps protect brain cells against toxins, including free radicals and excess glutamate; helps repair damaged DNA; reduces the risk of cognitive impairment, heart disease and stroke; improves cholesterol and fat metabolism, plus improving blood, oxygen and glucose delivery to tissues; reduces risk of diabetes, osteoporosis, depression , colon and breast cancer.  Regular exercise is one of the best natural treatments for ADD and depression.  I recommend you exercise 30 minutes a day 5 times a week.  In order for the exercise to be aerobic you must have a sustained increased heart rate."

I was doing regular aerobic exercise before I went to the Amen Clinic.  I know I feel better when I work out, but it has been hard for me to be consistent in exercising every day!  I decided I would do some research on endorphins, hoping this will help me start on a daily exercise habit.

CTER - Endorphins

http://wik.ed.uiuc.edu/index.php/Endorphins
"According to Rathus and Nevid, the word endorphin comes from the words endogenous morphine. Endogenous means developing from within. Endorphins are similar to the narcotic morphine in their functions, and we produce them in our own bodies. They occur naturally in the brain and bloodstream.
According to the Houghton Mifflin Dictionary, an endorphin is any of a group of peptide hormones that bind to opiate receptors and are found mainly in the brain. Endorphins reduce the sensation of pain and affect emotions.
According to the 2001 Columbia House Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, endorphins are neurotransmitters found in the brain that have pain-relieving properties similar to morphine. There are three major types of endorphins: beta endorphins, enkephalins, and dynorphin. Beta endorphins are found primarily in the pituitary gland, and enkephalins and dynorphin are both distributed throughout the nervous system. Endorphins interact with opiate receptor neurons to reduce the intensity of pain. Among individuals afflicted with chronic pain disorders, endorphins are often found in high numbers. Many painkilling drugs, such as morphine and codeine, act like endorphins and actually activate opiate receptors. Besides behaving as a pain regulator, endorphins are also thought to be connected to physiological processes including euphoric feelings, appetite modulation, and the release of sex hormones. Prolonged, continuous exercise contributes to an increased production and release of endorphins, resulting in a sense of euphoria that has been popularly labeled "runner's high."

       Types of Endorphins

  • Beta-endorphins are produced by the pituitary gland and are believed to produce a greater "high" than the other types of endorphins. The beta-endorphin is generally believed to provide a considerable amount of natural pain relief. Some scientists believe it is due to beta-endorphins that some people who experience a traumatic injury, such as the loss of a limb, experience little or no immediate pain.
  • Alpha-endorphins have been studied since the 1970's, but little is known about how they affect the body. Some research suggests that alpha-endorphins may stimulate the brain in ways similar to amphetamines and others claim that they may help treat anaphylactic shock and similar conditions.
  • Gamma-endorphins have also been researched since the 1970's, but most of the information on how the substance affects the body is pure speculation. Some studies show that they have antipsychotic effects on patients suffering from disorders such as schizophrenia, while others show that they may help regulate blood pressure.

How Do Endorphins Work?

Endorphins act by locking into receptors in the nervous system for chemicals that transmit pain messages to the brain. Once the endorphin, or the "key", is in the "lock," pain causing chemicals are prevented from transmitting their messages (Rathus and Nevid 2003). Endorphins interact with the opiate receptors in the brain to reduce our perception of pain, similar to the drugs morphine and codeine. The body's release of endorphins, however, does not lead to addiction like morphine and codeine might. 
              RELEASING ENDORPHINS
The release of endorphins is different based on each individual. Certain foods such as chocolate and chili peppers can lead to enhanced production of endorphins. Laughter is thought to release endorphins into the brain. Strenuous exercise, exposure to ultraviolet light, massage therapy, and acupuncture can also activate endorphin production. 

Okay, morphine is still my drug of choice for pain even after trying Oxycodone and Lortab years later after other surgeries. =)  Endorphins are like morphine in their functions and I produce them in my own body.  They occur naturally in my brain and bloodstream.  Yes, this is motivating for me to work out more often even if I don't take advantage of the endorphin "runners high" every day!  I like to do aerobic exercise on an Elliptical Cross Trainer in my basement.  I do not have the excuse that working out is inconvenient.


How endorphins were discovered:

endorphins During the 1960s and early 1970s, it became apparent that opioid drugs such as morphine and heroin produced their profound actions in the body by interacting with specific receptors on the outer membrane of nerve cells. This raised the intriguing question of why the body goes to the trouble of synthesizing such receptor proteins. Surely it was not just on the off chance that a drug such as morphine might be administered. In 1975 the group in Aberdeen, Scotland led by Hans Kosterlitz and John Hughes, isolated from the pig brain two related molecules, the enkephalins, which bind to and activate opioid receptors. These enkephalins are short peptides, each comprising five amino acids. Although at first glance the enkephalins did not look similar in chemical composition to morphine, they proved to have a crucial component in common. We now know that the brain contains as many as thirteen such endogenous (internally generated) opioid peptides, which have come to be referred to collectively as ‘endorphins’. 


LarryCook333





Well, I definitely believe adding more aerobic workouts to my schedule will help my depression symptoms.  The hard part is depression symptoms make me not want to do anything.  This is what I need to push through and workout anyway.


If you are interested in reading more about endorphins, this website is a good one.  It has photos expressing the molecular structure of different kinds of endorphins, called the Endorphin Collection.  It also has good information.
http://microscopy.fsu.edu/micro/gallery/endorphin/endorphins.html
 


Sunday, November 21, 2010

Chapter 32: 6,000mg Of Fish Oil A Day

The groundbreaking omega-3 antidepression diet and brain program, The Omega-3 Connection, by Andrew L. Stoll, M.D. 

This is an excellent book.  Reading it has kept me motivated to be consistent in taking fish oil.  Quoted from the front flap of the book:

"In his groundbreaking research, Stoll found that omega-3 fatty acids, already known for their importance in preventing heart disease, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer, play a crucial role in mental health---regulating and enhancing mood, sharpening memory, and even aiding concentration and learning.  And these remarkable substances, so essential to our health, are found abundantly in common fish oils and other sources.

The bad news is that even though omega-3 fatty acids have played a critical role in our evolutionary past, these extraordinary substances have been depleted by our Western diet and lifestyle, and the resulting nutritional imbalance seems to have led to a sharp rise in heart disease and depression.  By contrast, in Japan and other countries where fish consumption is high, both heart disease and depression rates are low."

Andrew L. Stoll, M.D., is Director of the Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory at McLean Hospital in Boston and an Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, as well as the recipient of the 1999 Klerman Award from the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression for the studies described in this book.  He is the author of dozens of academic papers.  This is his first book for the general public.


Part of my depression treatment plan from the Amen Clinic is to take 6,000mg of fish oil every day.  I was taking 2,000mg before I went to the clinic.  This is what I learned about omega-3 fatty acids from the Amen Clinic:

"The brain is 60% fat.  All of our 100 billion nerve cells are lined in essential fatty acids.  Low levels of omega three fatty acids have been found in ADD, depression and dementia.  Omega- 3 fatty acids (found in fish and flax seed oil) taken at a dosage of 2,000 to 6,000mg daily can be a beneficial augmentation for mood stabilization.  High quality fish oil is usually best as it has higher levels than flax seed oil to boost the levels of  omega-3 fatty acids in the brain.  We often recommend NeuroEPA for people who have more ADD type issues, and NeurOmega for people who have more mood or overfocused issues.

Research in the last few years has revealed that diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids may help promote a healthy emotional balance and positive mood, and may help us maintain a healthy mental status in later years.  Researchers speculate that a diet rich in the omega-3 fatty acid DHA, found in fish oil, may help promote a healthy emotional balance and positive mood in part because DHA is a main component of the synaptic membranes in the brain.  Researchers in another study found that people with a healthy emotional balance and positive mental outlook tended to have higher levels of DHA in their red blood cells.  A Danish team of researchers compared the diets of 5,386 healthy older individuals and found that the more fish in a person's diet, the longer the person was able to maintain a healthy mental status.  Here are sources of good and bad dietary fat.

Good fat sourcesanchovies, avocados, Brazil nuts, canola oil, cashews, flax seed oil, green leafy vegetables, herring, lean meats, olive oil, peanut oil, Pistachio nuts, salmon, sardines, soybean oil, trout, tuna, walnuts, whitefish.

Bad fat sources:  bacon, butter, cheese (regular fat) cream sauces, donuts, fried foods, such as potatoes/onion rings, ice cream, lamb chops, margarine, potato chips (fried), processed foods, steak and whole milk."

In the video below, Dr. Mark Hyman talks about getting healthy omega-3 fatty acids without adding mercury poisoning from eating fish.

Can Healthy Omega 3 Fatty Acids Give You Mercury Poisoning


 


Foods Rich in Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Dietary Sources of Essential Fats EPA, DHA, and ALA

Aug 28, 2009 Jennifer Murray

The three most nutritionally beneficial omega-3 fatty acids are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Research suggests these omega-3 fatty acids are better absorbed by the body when obtained from food rather than omega-3 supplements. Although fatty fish is known as the best source of omega-3s, there are many other foods that contain these health boosting fatty acids. 

 

Food Sources of EPA and DHA

EPA and DHA omega-3s are mainly found in fish, especially cold-water, high-fat varieties such as:
  • Albacore tuna
  • Sardines
  • Salmon
  • Mackerel
  • Atlantic herring
  • Swordfish
  • Lake trout

 

Sources of Alpha-linolenic Acid 

Since the body cannot make ALA, this fatty acid must be consumed in the diet.  Approximately 35 percent of ALA found in food is converted to EPA and DHA.  Good sources of ALA include:

  • Flaxseeds and flaxseed oil
  • Soybeans and soybean oil
  • Walnuts
  • Brazil nuts
  • Soy nuts
  • Olive oil
  • Hemp seeds
  • Pumpkin seeds

Read more at Suite101: Foods Rich in Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Dietary Sources of Essential Fats EPA, DHA and ALA http://www.suite101.com/content/foods-rich-in-omega3-fatty-acids-a143527#ixzz15xxALUjT


I have been taking 6,000mg of fish oil since I returned from the Amen Clinic on March 14, 2010. This is the fish oil I take; it is recommended by Mark Hyman, M.D.

Metagenics, EPA-DHA Extra Strength Enteric Coated: Serving 2 capsules
2/breakfast  2/lunch  2/dinner
EPA 600 mg, DHA 400 mg sardine, anchovy, herring.


I am hoping the fish oil I have been taking will be part of the puzzle of healing the depression and ADHD symptoms I am experiencing.  After I lowered the dose of Effexor XR to 225mg, the depression symptoms increased.  I am now back on 300mg of Effexor XR, and have raised the dose of Luvox up to 50mg in the morning and 50mg in the afternoon.  

Previously, 300mg of Effexor XR was causing insomnia because of too much norepinephrine; and 50mg of Luvox was not giving me enough calming serotonin to create a balance.  I will see if 100mg of Luvox will give me enough serotonin to equalize the two neurotransmitters.  I am so ready for this to happen! =)



Friday, November 12, 2010

Chapter 31: L-Tryptophan > 5-HTP > Serotonin

This question and comment were written on Chapter 22:  Serotonin, Deep Limbic System.  After reading this comment I wanted to find out more about L-Tryptophan.
 
          Steve said...
Can a person take too much L-Tryptophan? I take 3000 mg but more actually helps me sleep.
What is L-Tryptophan and How Does it Work

L-tryptophan is naturally found in animal and plant proteins. L-tryptophan is considered an essential amino acid because our bodies can't make it. It is important for the development and functioning of many organs in the body. After absorbing L-tryptophan from food, our bodies convert it to 5-HTP (5-hyrdoxytryptophan), and then to serotonin. Serotonin is a hormone that transmits signals between nerve cells. It also causes blood vessels to narrow. Changes in the level of serotonin in the brain can alter mood.

L-Tryptophan Uses

L-tryptophan is used for insomnia, sleep apnea, depression, anxiety, facial pain, a severe form of premenstrual syndrome called premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), smoking cessation, grinding teeth during sleep (bruxism), attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Tourette's syndrome, and to improve athletic performance. 

Possible Interactions With L-Tryptophan 

Major Interaction Do not take this combination
  • Medications for depression (Antidepressant drugs) interacts with L-TRYPTOPHAN
    L-tryptophan increases a brain chemical called serotonin. Some medications for depression also increase the brain chemical serotonin. Taking L-tryptophan along with these medications for depression might increase serotonin too much and cause serious side effects including heart problems, shivering, and anxiety. Do not take L-tryptophan if you are taking medications for depression.
    Some of these medications for depression include fluoxetine (Prozac), paroxetine (Paxil), sertraline (Zoloft), amitriptyline (Elavil), clomipramine (Anafranil), imipramine (Tofranil), and others.
  • Medications for depression (MAOIs) interacts with L-TRYPTOPHAN
    L-tryptophan increases a chemical in the brain. This chemical is called serotonin. Some medications used for depression also increase serotonin. Taking L-tryptophan with these medications used for depression might cause there to be too much serotonin. This could cause serious side effects including heart problems, shivering, and anxiety.
    Some of these medications used for depression include phenelzine (Nardil), tranylcypromine (Parnate), and others.
  • Sedative medications (CNS depressants) interacts with L-TRYPTOPHAN
    L-tryptophan might cause sleepiness and drowsiness. Medications that cause sleepiness are called sedatives. Taking L-tryptophan along with sedative medications might cause too much sleepiness.
    Some sedative medications include clonazepam (Klonopin), lorazepam (Ativan), phenobarbital (Donnatal), zolpidem (Ambien), and others.

L-Tryptophan Dosing

The appropriate dose of L-tryptophan depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions. At this time, there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for L-tryptophan. Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult your pharmacist or physician or other health care professional before using.


This information is from THE SLEEP WELL SITE
http://www.thesleepwellsite.com/Essential.htm

The information from this site talks more specifically about the question and comment above.  Can a person take too much L-Tryptophan?  I take 3,000 mg but more actually helps me sleep.

L-Tryptophan and Dosing

The more Tryptophan there is in our blood, the more Serotonin our bodies can make, and the easier it is for us to feel calm and satisfied.  When we need sleep, having enough Tryptophan in our bodies allows us to fall asleep.

So much for theory; now on to the particulars.  For a 160 lb. person, taking 2 to 8 500mg capsules of Tryptophan before bed time will cause much of it to enter the blood in about 25 to 30 minutes.  This is enough to cause a sense of drowsiness.  It is important that no protein be consumed for 3 to 4 hours before bed time.  Another 2 to 8 capsules can be taken in the middle of the night if needed.  It is wise to begin with a lower dosage and wait an hour to take additional capsules as needed.

The number of capsules taken may be adjusted according to weight.  For example, 3 to 6 capsules may be right for a 120 lb. person. Also, if the Tryptophan deficiency is particularly severe, a somewhat larger dose may be appropriate at first.  Tryptophan is not dangerous!  It cannot hurt you!  It is worth repeating: you need Tryptophan to live.  You will know if you take more than you need because you will feel a little bit groggy the next day.

Eating a light snack consisting of carbohydrates or sugar with the Tryptophan may help some people.  On the one hand, eating will dilute the Tryptophan.  On the other hand, the carbohydrates may help it enter the brain more easily.  Experiment with this.

Most people have a very easy time sleeping the very first time they take Tryptophan capsules.  When the Tryptophan is taken every night, it should gradually become easier to fall asleep over a period of about 3 months, and the sleep will be longer and sounder.  Be patient with this process. The body is rebuilding itself from the ground up.  Some people may also find they are more patient, comfortable and satisfied with life.  But again, this is an almost imperceptibly gradual process.

Can everyone take Tryptophan safely?  Does it have side effects, or other benefits?  Dr. Elson M. Haas, M.D., addresses these questions thoroughly:

“Patients with asthma or systemic lupus erythematosus should not take tryptophan. Generally, side effects are negligible, and tryptophan does not distort sleep patterns until more than 10 grams are taken. Occasionally, some morning sluggishness may occur. Tryptophan also has an antidepressant effect and is particularly effective in manic depression and depression associated with menopause. Many depressed patients have low levels of tryptophan. Tryptophan can be a useful and safe pain reliever. It has been shown most helpful for dental pain, headaches (migraines in particular), and cancer pain, often in conjunction with aspirin or acetaminophen. Tryptophan appears to increase the pain threshold. It may help treat anorexia by increasing the appetite. Since it is the precursor of niacin, tryptophan supplementation may help to lower cholesterol and blood fat levels. Other possible uses for L-tryptophan include parkinsonism, epilepsy, and schizophrenia, and with further research, we may find this important amino acid may provide help in other medical conditions.”

Where can you get Tryptophan?  At this time, there are only a few sources.
It is available from:



This information is from Mark Hyman, M.D.
Book: The UltraMind Solution, page 121 & 122 

This section explains the importance of good nutrition in helping our bodies complete the process of absorbing Tryptophan and building it into serotonin.

The only function of your DNA is to make proteins, as I said earlier (page 95).  Enzymes are one of thousands of proteins created from your DNA.  However, these particular proteins are critically important, because they are the catalysts that help turn one molecule into another---they are the helpers that slow down or speed up all the trillions of chemical reactions that happen every second in your body.

Nutrients, in turn, control the function of these enzymes.  They tell your enzymes what to do.  They turn on or turn off the chemical reactions in your body.  Let's look at how we make serotonin as an example of how this works.  Serotonin is a peptide (which is just a little protein) known as a neurotransmitter, which boosts our mood.  You don't eat serotonin, but your body makes it.  It builds serotonin from the amino-acid tryptophan that comes from the protein in our turkey sandwich.

The enzyme designed to convert tryptophan from turkey into serotonin needs vitamin B-6, or pyridoxine, to help it perform its chemical wizardry.  No B-6, no enzyme reaction , no serotonin, no happy mood.  The result?  Depression---along with a host of other potential problems.
But the real critical element in this equation is you.  You may need more B-6 to get your enzymes to turn tryptophan into serotonin than your next-door neighbor does.  Your genes may not have created an enzyme that is as responsive to B-6 as your neighbor's enzymes are, or just runs a little more slowly.  Hence you need more B-6 to do the job.  Why?


Because you are a genetically unique individual.  As a result your enzymes are constructed differently and respond to nutrients differently than those of your neighbors.  About one-third (or 1 million) of your SNPs (the variations in your genes) are dedicated solely to the job of determining how effectively your enzymes are controlled by the nutrients you consume!

Why is it critical to your health?  If you understand that one-third of the entire variation in your genetic code affects the function of your enzymes, and that nutrients are the control switches for those enzymes, you will want to make sure you have all the right raw materials (nutrients) to make those enzymes function optimally.

Mark Hyman, M.D.:  The UltraMind Solution, page 354

5-HTP, L-Tryptophan, and Melatonin Dosing Guidelines

You can take either 5-HTP or tryptophan to support your serotonin level. Try:

5-HTP (5-hydroxytryptophan), 50 mg twice a day, once in the afternoon and once before bed.  Add an additional 50 mg in the afternoon and at bedtime every three days until you get to a maximum dose of 150 mg once in the afternoon and once before bed.

OR:
Take tryptophan, 500 mg once in the afternoon and once before bed. Take these on an empty stomach, one hour before or two hours after meals.

REMEMBER: use either 5-HTP or tryptophan, not both. If you are taking an SSRI or antidepressant, check with your health-care provider before taking 5-HTP or tryptophan.

To help you sleep, you can also try:

1 to 3 mg of melatonin before bed to help with sleep if needed.


This information is from Daniel G. Amen, M.D.
Book: Healing Anxiety and Depression, page 169

L-trytophan and 5-HTP are amino acid building blocks for serotonin and taking these supplements can increase cerebral serotonin. L-tryptophan is a naturally occurring amino acid found in milk, meat, and eggs. It is helpful for some patients in improving sleep, decreasing aggressiveness, and stabilizing mood. One of the problems with dietary L-tryptophan is that a significant portion of it does not enter the brain, but is used to make proteins and vitamin B-3.  This necessitates taking large amounts of tryptophan.  Recommended dosage is 1,000 to 3,000 mg at bedtime.


Tryptophan is in the following foods.

This information is from the Love to Know Website
http://vitamins.lovetoknow.com/Food_Sources_of_Tryptophan 

The following foods are excellent sources of Tryptophan: 
  • Beef tenderloin (broiled)
  • Calf liver (broiled)
  • Chicken breast (roasted)
  • Chinook Salmon (baked or broiled)
  • Cod (baked or broiled)
  • Halibut (baked or broiled)
  • Lamb loin (roasted)
  • Mustard greens
  • Raw mushrooms
  • Scallops (baked or broiled)
  • Shrimp (steamed or boiled)
  • Soy sauce
  • Soy beans (cooked)
  • Snapper (baked or broiled)
  • Spinach
  • Tofu (raw)
  • Tuna (baked or broiled)
  • Turkey breast (roasted)

Very Good Dietary Sources of Tryptophan
  • Asparagus
  • Black beans
  • Broccoli
  • Brussels Sprouts
  • Bulgar wheat
  • Cauliflower
  • Chard
  • Collard greens
  • Eggs (boiled)
  • Goat milk
  • Green beans
  • Kale
  • Lentils
  • Lima beans
  • Milk (2 percent)
  • Miso
  • Mozzarella cheese (part skim)
  • Mustard sees
  • Navy beans
  • Parsley (fresh)
  • Peppermint leaves
  • Pinto beans
  • Red kidney beans
  • Split peas
  • Turnip greens  

Good Sources of Tryptophan
    • Almonds (raw)
    • Apricots (raw)
    • Baked potato
    • Barley
    • Beets (boiled)
    • Brown rice
    • Buckwheat
    • Cabbage (boiled)
    • Cashews (raw)
    • Celery (raw)
    • Eggplant (boiled)
    • Garbanzo beans
    • Garlic
    • Green peas
    • Low-fat yogurt
    • Millet (cooked)
    • Oats (whole grain not quick oats)
    • Onions (raw)
    • Peanuts (raw)
    • Pumpkin seeds
    • Quinoa
    • Red bell peppers (raw)
    • Rye (whole grain)
    • Sesame seeds
    • Summer squash
    • Sunflower seeds (dried)
    • Tomatoes (raw)
    • Walnuts
    • Whole grain flour
    • Winter squash


    My personal experience using L-Tryptophan.

    Several years ago I tried using 5-HTP and L-tryptophan supplements to relieve depression symptoms.  I was not on an antidepressant at the time and thought I would try these supplements first.  I read the books, The Diet Cure and The Mood Cure, by Julia Ross, M.A.  I followed the directions in The Mood Cure under the direction of my doctor.  I tried 5-HTP first, these two supplements should not be taken together.
      5-HTP Directions:

      "Start with one 50 mg capsule in midafternoon.  Go up to two (100 mg) if you don't get much benefit from one in an hour.  Add a third, if needed for maximum effect, in about an hour.  Now you've established your dose.  Take the same dose at nine-thirty at night if you have sleep problems.  If moodiness (or craving for carbs or alcohol) occurs only in the evening before bedtime, move your midafternoon dose up closer to dinnertime or take your bedtime dose earlier (an hour or two after dinner).  You can also take 1 or 2 more capsules if you wake up in the night and don't drop right back to sleep or if you wake up anxious and worried in the morning.  Four to 6 (50 mg) capsules a day is all that our clients typically require.  Larger or more depleted people sometimes need more."

      I did not feel any different after taking 5-HTP for a week, so I tried L-tryptophan next.  The directions are:  Stop your 5-HTP and take 500 milligrams of L-tryptophan for every 50 milligrams of 5-HTP you had been taking.  I did not feel any different after taking L-tryptophan for a week either, so I stopped taking it.  I was disappointed, but not really surprised.  It would have been nice to be free of the side effects caused by an antidepressant, but suicide is too big of a risk for me.  I started back on medication.

      In the past 29 years of dealing with depression I have tried the following "natural" treatments:  5-HTP, L-tryptophan, acupuncture and herbs, and the amino acid therapy described at www.neuroassist.com.  (PLEASE DO NOT try this amino acid therapy without talking to me first.)  None of these treatments were effective, which helped confirm how severe this disease is for my body!